Tenzing Norgay: References & Edit History

Researcher's Note

Height of Mount Everest

The height of Mount Everest, according to the most recent and reliable data, is 29,031.69 feet (8,848.86 metres), which rounds to 29,032 feet (8,849 metres). This measurement, jointly declared by China and Nepal in 2020, was derived from data from surveys performed by Nepal in 2019 and China in 2020 that utilized GPS and BeiDou navigation technology and laser theodolites. It was accepted by various specialists in the fields of geodesy and cartography, including the National Geographic Society.

Mount Everest’s height has not always been agreed upon. Controversy over the exact elevation of the summit developed because of variations in snow level, gravity deviation, and light refraction. The figure of 29,028 feet (8,848 metres), plus or minus a fraction, was established by the Indian government’s Survey of India in 1952–54 and became widely accepted. This value was used by most researchers, mapping agencies, and publishers (including the National Geographic Society) until 1999.

Other attempts had been made since the 1950s to remeasure the mountain’s height, but until 1999 none had found general acceptance. A Chinese survey in 1975 obtained the figure of 29,029.24 feet (8,848.11 metres), and an Italian survey, using satellite surveying techniques, obtained a value of 29,108 feet (8,872 metres) in 1987, but questions arose about the methods used. In 1986 a measurement of K2, regarded as the world’s second highest mountain, seemed to indicate that it was higher than Everest, but this was subsequently shown to be an error. In 1992 another Italian survey, using GPS and laser measurement technology, yielded the figure 29,023 feet (8,846 metres) by subtracting from the measured height 6.5 feet (2 metres) of ice and snow on the summit, but the methodology used was again called into question.

In 1999 an American survey, sponsored by the (U.S.) National Geographic Society and others, took precise measurements using Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment. Their finding of 29,035 feet, with an error margin of plus or minus 6.5 feet (2 metres), was accepted by the society and by various specialists in the fields of geodesy and cartography.

The Chinese mounted another expedition in 2005 that utilized ice-penetrating radar in conjunction with GPS equipment. The result of this was what the Chinese called a “rock height” of 29,017.12 feet (8,844.43 metres), which, though widely reported in the media, was recognized only by China for the next several years. Nepal in particular disputed the Chinese figure, preferring what they termed the “snow height” of 29,028 feet. In April 2010 China and Nepal agreed to recognize the validity of both figures. In 2020 China and Nepal agreed on the currently accepted height of 29,031.69 feet (8,848.86 metres).

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: Official Site of Tenzing Norgay Foundation. Jul 26, 2024
Media added. Jul 24, 2024
Anniversary information added. May 09, 2024
First paragraph modernization. Apr 11, 2024
Add new Web site: National Geographic - Everest 1953: First Footsteps - Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. Mar 05, 2024
Add new Web site: The Guardian - Tenzing Norgay, the Sherpa who climbed to the top of the world - archive, 1986. Jan 14, 2024
Add new Web site: PBS - NOVA Online - Tiger of the Snows: Tenzing Norgay. Oct 13, 2023
Noted that there is uncertainty about his early life. Jun 29, 2022
Anniversary information added. May 11, 2022
Corrected display issue. May 08, 2019
Add new Web site: Tenzing Norgay Adventures - Biography of Tenzing Norgay Sherpa. May 09, 2014
Add new Web site: ILoveIndia.com - Biography of Tenzing Norgay. Feb 11, 2013
Article revised and updated. Dec 14, 2012
Media added. Feb 07, 2012
Article revised and updated. May 13, 2008
Added new Web site: TIME 100: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. Jul 10, 2006
Article revised. Mar 12, 2004
Article revised. Dec 30, 1999
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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