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External Websites
- History Today - Illuminating Conspiracy
- McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Illuminati
- Academia - The Illuminati
- Ancient Origins - The Man Who Started The Illuminati and His Thwarted Promotion of The Enlightenment
- LiveScience - What is the Illuminati?
- Marvel - Illuminati Members, Enemies, Powers
- BBC Travel - The accidental invention of the Illuminati conspiracy
After the suppression of Weishaupt’s order, the title illuminati was given to the French Martinists, founded in 1754 by Martinez Pasqualis and propagated by Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin. By 1790 Martinism had been spread to Russia by Johann Georg Schwarz and Nikolay Novikov. Both strains of “illuminated” Martinism included elements of Kabbalism and Christian mysticism, imbibing ideas from Jakob Böhme and Emanuel Swedenborg.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica